Scarf joint in oak
A scarf joint in oak joins two lengths by overlapping their prepared ends. The overlap is made long enough to transfer load through the joint.
Oak proportion
Tredgold (1871) gives six times the beam's depth or thickness as the whole length of the scarf in oak, ash or elm when no bolts are used. A beam is a long structural member, and a scarf is the sloping or stepped overlap joining its lengths.
Resistance
Hodgson (1902) describes scarf proportions for oak and other woods in relation to resistance to tension, pulling apart, crushing and shearing, sliding failure across the joint.